(1) Lub tswv yim thiab txhais ntawm biomass hydrogen ntau lawm
Biomass hydrogen ntau lawm feem ntau yog hais txog kev siv gasification los yog microbial catalytic deoxygenation los tsim hydrogen-muaj synthesis gas tom qab biomass undergoes sib txawv pretreatments. Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv biomass txhua xyoo yog kwv yees li 3.5 billion tons, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom pov tseg ua liaj ua teb, cov khib nyiab pov tseg thiab kev lag luam thiab cov khib nyiab hauv nroog. Kev siv biomass raw cov ntaub ntawv los tsim hydrogen yog ib txoj kev uas yoog rau Tuam Tshoj lub teb chaws tej yam kev mob thiab muaj zoo Hydrogen ntau lawm technology txoj kev nrog rau kev loj hlob prospects. Txij li cov khoom siv raw hauv qee qhov xwm txheej yog carbon-muaj biomass, txoj hauv kev no tseem suav tias yog "carbon-negative" hydrogen ntau lawm txoj kev, thiab cov hydrogen tsim los ntawm txoj kev no kuj hu ua "emerald hydrogen" lossis "super ntsuab hydrogen."
(2) Txoj hauv kev rau hydrogen ntau lawm los ntawm biomass
Biomass hydrogen ntau lawm tshuab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob txoj hauv kev loj: thermochemical hydrogen ntau lawm thiab roj ntsha hydrogen ntau lawm. Thermochemical hydrogen ntau lawm yuav muab faib ua peb subdivided technical paths: chav vaporization, supercritical dej vaporization, thiab biomass thermal tawg thiab hloov kho; bio hydrogen ntau lawm kuj hu ua microbial degradation txoj kev thiab biomass fermentation hydrogen ntau lawm, nrog rau kev ncaj qha photolysis/indirect Muaj ntau yam subdivided paths xws li photolysis, lub teeb fermentation, tsaus fermentation, lub teeb-tsaus ua ke fermentation, cell-free enzyme biotransformation, thiab lwm yam.
Technology Path 1: Thermochemical Method
Hais txog txoj kev hloov biomass rau hauv hydrogen-nplua nuj combustible gas los ntawm thermochemical kev kho mob thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais cov ntshiab hydrogen los ntawm kev sib cais. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen ncaj qha los ntawm biomass raw khoom, lossis los ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm biomass depolymerization (xws li methanol, ethanol). Raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ntxiv rau hauv cov tshuab pa roj carbon monoxide, supercritical water gasification technology thiab biomass pyrolysis hloov kho tshuab:
Chav gasification technology: Chav gasification hydrogen ntau lawm tshuab xaiv chav ua tus neeg sawv cev gasification. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho gasification ntawm biomass raw cov ntaub ntawv yog tshem tawm cov tsis-flammable Cheebtsam xws li nitrogen thiab dej kom cov calorific nqi ntawm cov roj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tshem tawm cov sulfur thiab nitrogen tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv cov khoom los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv huab cua thiab txo qhov loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus hydrocarbon; Txoj kev no feem ntau tuaj yeem tau txais qhov ntim Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv 40% mus rau 60% hydrogen thiab siab calorific nqi synthesis roj yog tias tar yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb nrhiav tus nqi-zoo catalysts kom nce hydrogen ntau lawm, txo gasification kub, txhawb tar cracking thiab tsim ntsuab tar kho tshuab, hloov tar rau hauv muaj nuj nqis synthesis roj thiab hydrogen sib cais systems yog tam sim no daim ntawv thov ntxiv ntawm no technology.
Thermal cracking reforming tshuab:Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yog ua kom tsis muaj cua sov biomass ntawm 350 txog 600 degree thiab cais cov huab cua thiab oxygen (lossis txwv cov pa), kom nws tuaj yeem ua pyrolyzed thiab hloov mus rau biotar, coke thiab roj. Cov hydrocarbons ntxiv catalytically tawg kom tau cov pa uas muaj hydrogen thiab cov roj tau muab cais kom tau hydrogen. Raws li kev siv cov catalyst, qhov ntim feem ntawm hydrogen hauv cov pa pyrolysis tuaj yeem ncav cuag 30% txog 50%. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tar uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem pyrolysis yuav corrode cov cuab yeej thiab cov kav dej, ua rau txo qis hauv hydrogen ntau lawm efficiency. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tom ntej tam sim no yog kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov nqi qis, cov txheej txheem hydrogen sib cais, thiab lwm yam.
Supercritical dej vaporization: hais txog kev decomposition ntawm biomass nyob rau hauv supercritical dej los tsim H2, CO, CO2, CH4 thiab lwm yam gases los ntawm pyrolysis, hydrolysis, condensation thiab dehydrogenation. Biomass supercritical dej vaporization hydrogen ntau lawm tshuab muaj kev siv zog heev. Loj, kev tsim cov tar by-products thiab lwm yam teeb meem. Txawm hais tias tus nqi raw khoom ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no tsawg, cov nqi khiav lag luam thiab kev nqis peev ntawm cov dej supercritical yog siab, thiab tsis muaj cov phiaj xwm loj loj, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev lag luam siv rau lub sijhawm luv.
Technology Path 2: Txoj Kev Siv Tshuaj lom neeg
Cov txheej txheem lom neeg tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov photolysis ncaj qha, tsis ncaj qha photolysis, lub teeb fermentation, tsaus fermentation, lub teeb-dub ua ke fermentation, cell-free enzyme hloov dua siab tshiab thiab lwm yam subdivided paths; Txoj kev sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, cov uas lub teeb thiab tsaus Coupled fermentation tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo qhov kev thov rau lub teeb lub zog rau qee qhov, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau cov khoom siv hydrogen. Nws yog qhov kev loj hlob tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha hydrogen tam sim no.
(3) Kev nce qib ntawm biomass hydrogen ntau lawm hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws
Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Txawv Tebchaws - United Kingdom:
Thaum pib ntawm 2023, British Department of Business, Energy thiab Industrial Strategy (BEIS) tshaj tawm tias nws yuav nqis peev 30 lab phaus los txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab hauv biomass hydrogen ntau lawm technology. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb txog nyiaj txiag:
Raw khoom pretreatment: txhim kho tus nqi qis, txuag hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv raw khoom ua ntej ua kom zoo dua biomass thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg. Nrog rau kev siv tshuab granulation, mechanical sorting technology, kho cua sov thiab calcination technology, thiab lwm yam .;
Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thiab nws cov khoom siv: tsom mus rau kev txhim kho syngas zoo thiab txhim kho hydrogen ntau lawm efficiency. Nrog rau lub sijhawm saib xyuas thev naus laus zis, thev naus laus zis tshem tawm lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg tshem tawm tshuab, catalytic thiab thermal tar tshem tawm tshuab, synthesis roj siab viav vias adsorption technology, gasifier integration technology, thiab lwm yam.;
Tshiab biomass hydrogen ntau lawm technology: tsom rau kev tsim tshiab biomass hydrogen ntau lawm technology uas yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog carbon capture. Xws li anaerobic fermentation hydrogen ntau lawm technology, photofermentation hydrogen ntau lawm technology, dej khib nyiab technology, methane hloov kho hydrogen ntau lawm technology, pyrolysis technology, thiab lwm yam .;
Tuam Tshoj:
Biological hydrogen ntau lawm - nws tau nyob rau hauv lub xeem theem ua ntej; Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 2023, lub teb chaws thawj integrated biological hydrogen ntau lawm thiab lub hwj chim tsim project twb launched nyob rau hauv Harbin (siv biomass-khoom khib nyiab fermentation hydrogen ntau lawm technology, siv liaj teb pov tseg straw, landscaping pov tseg, zaub mov pov tseg, heev concentrated organic wastewater, thiab lwm yam. fermentation substrates, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig anaerobic hydrogen-tsim hom yog siv los ua cov neeg tsim khoom siv hydrogen los ua cov khoom pov tseg thaum rov ua kom rov qab tau ntau lub zog huv hydrogen Cov thev naus laus zis los ntawm pab pawg kws tshaj lij Ren Nanqi ntawm Harbin Institute of Technology).
Thermochemical hydrogen ntau lawm - feem ntau yog siv rau biomass los yog pov tseg nrog cov dej tsawg, xws li cov khib nyiab hauv nroog thiab cov khoom siv khib nyiab uas muaj ntau daim duab los qhia, yas thiab lwm yam khoom. Cov lag luam hauv tsev xws li Dongfang Boiler, Datang Group thiab lwm cov tuam txhab hluav taws xob ib txwm siv tau siv pyrolysis gasification los tsim hydrogen. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem kho roj, tam sim no tsis muaj kev lag luam loj hlob hauv Suav teb raws li txoj kev no. Jiman Technology, uas tau yug los ntawm Suav Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, tam sim no txhawb kev tsim kho me me thiab kev ua qauv qhia ua qauv.
(4) Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov lus xaus ntawm biomass hydrogen ntau lawm:
Biomass hydrogen ntau lawm tuaj yeem siv cov khoom lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hauv nroog pov tseg, tab sis qhov chaw tsim khoom raug txwv los ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom thiab yog txoj hauv kev faib hydrogen; nws cov khoom ncaj qha yog hydrogen-muaj cov roj synthesis, uas yuav muaj cov impurities xws li CO, H2S thiab tar. Cov roj yuav tsum tau sib cais ntxiv kom tau txais hydrogen ua ntej nws tuaj yeem siv tau, uas yog qhov tsim nyog dua li roj lossis cov khoom siv raw.
Thermochemical method: Kev hloov pauv tau nrawm, tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej siv siab, catalysts, thiab lwm yam, thiab kev sib cais roj yog qhov nyuaj; peb tuaj yeem tsom mus rau cov lus qhia tseem ceeb xws li cov catalysts tshiab, tar hloov kho thiab siv, thiab cov txheej txheem sib cais roj thiab cov khoom siv.
Txoj kev lom neeg: siab tawm los, tus nqi qis, tab sis ntau yam impurities; ntawm lawv, lub teeb-tsaus ua ke ua ke fermentation hydrogen ntau lawm muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws hydrogen ntau lawm efficiency thiab lub siab tshaj plaws substrate siv tus nqi, thiab yuav tsum tau los ua lub mainstream daim ntawv thov technology ntawm lom hydrogen ntau lawm yav tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, biomass hydrogen ntau lawm feem ntau tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov theem pib, thiab qee qhov kev ua lag luam ua qauv qhia tseem muaj nyob rau hauv cov theem me me thiab kev tsav tsheb. Nws daim ntawv thov scenarios yog tsuas yog raws li muaj roj raw cov ntaub ntawv. Daim teb no tuaj yeem tsom mus rau: bio fermentation hydrogen ntau lawm. Cov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb suav nrog kev cog qoob loo, kev hloov pauv thiab kev npaj cov kab mob ua tau zoo hydrogen-tsim cov kab mob, lub teeb-dub ua ke ua ke fermentation hydrogen ntau lawm txoj kev, pretreatment ntawm biological hydrogen ntau lawm raw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab hydrogen txheej txheem txheej txheem.
hais txog cov khoom hauv ehisen
