High-entropy alloys, hu ua HEA, yog alloys ua los ntawm tsib los yog ntau dua hlau nyob rau hauv sib npaug los yog kwv yees li sib npaug.
Txij li thaum high-entropy alloys yuav muaj ntau yam khoom tsim nyog, lawv tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau hauv cov ntaub ntawv science thiab engineering. Yav dhau los, alloys yuav tsuas muaj ib lossis ob lub ntsiab hlau. Piv txwv li, nws yuav ua raws li cov hlau, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv qee cov kab ke los txhim kho nws cov khoom, yog li qhov tshwm sim yog cov hlau alloy feem ntau yog hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim yav dhau los, yog tias ntau hom hlau tau ntxiv rau cov hlau, cov khoom yuav dhau los ua embritted. Txawm li cas los xij, high-entropy alloys txawv ntawm cov alloys yav dhau los. Lawv muaj ntau yam hlau tab sis yuav tsis ua embritted. Nws yog cov khoom siv tshiab.
Kev sib piv ntawm lub zog thiab ductility ntawm HEAs thiab cov pa alloys
Khoom ua haujlwm
Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm qee cov high-entropy alloys yog qhov zoo dua li cov tsoos alloys, thiab lawv cov pob txha tsis kam, tensile zog, corrosion kuj thiab oxidation kuj zoo dua li cov tsoos alloys. High-entropy alloys tau nyob ib puag ncig ua ntej 2004, tab sis tsuas muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb txog xyoo 2010s.
Alloy
Ib qho hlau yog ib yam khoom uas muaj cov khoom siv hlau uas yog sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg (tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau). Nws yog feem ntau tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw txhua qhov sib xyaw ua kua thiab tom qab ntawd condensing nws.
Ib qho alloy yog tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm peb hom hauv qab no: ib theem ntawm cov khoom sib tov ntawm cov ntsiab lus, kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau theem hlau, lossis cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov hlau. Lub microstructure ntawm cov khoom sib tov alloys muaj ib theem, thaum qee cov alloys uas yog cov kev daws teeb meem muaj ob lossis ntau theem. Lawv qhov kev faib tawm yuav yog homogeneous lossis tsis yog, nyob ntawm qhov hloov pauv kub thaum lub sijhawm txias ntawm cov khoom. Intermetallic compounds feem ntau muaj ib qho hlau lossis cov hlau ntshiab uas nyob hauv lwm cov hlau ntshiab.
Alloys yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb vim tias lawv muaj cov khoom zoo dua li cov hlau ntshiab. Piv txwv ntawm cov alloys muaj xws li steel, solder, tooj dag, pewter, phosphor bronze thiab amalgam.
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm alloys feem ntau yog xam raws li huab hwm coj piv. Alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau hloov pauv lossis cov sib xyaw sib xyaw ua ke raws li lawv cov atomic muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua homogeneous theem (tsuas yog ib theem), heterogeneous theem (ntau tshaj ib theem), thiab intermetallic compounds (tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob theem. ). ciam teb).