Electrodes feem ntau xa mus rau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo electrodes nyob rau hauv thawj lub roj teeb system thiab cathode thiab anode cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub electrolytic cell system. Distinguished raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm tam sim no ntws: ib kawg ntawm lub input tam sim no hu ua lub anode, thiab qhov kawg ntawm cov zis tam sim no hu ua cathode.
Yog tias txawv los ntawm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub anode: lub anode qhov twg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation tshwm sim thiab cathode qhov twg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txo. Raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical, cov khoom siv anode muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mechanism thiab lub zog noj thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub zog tsis txaus thiab kev kho cov dej khib nyiab nyuaj, kev txhim kho cov khoom siv anode tshiab muaj qhov tseem ceeb theoretical tseem ceeb thiab kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical, qhov txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cathode, yog li cov khoom siv cathode tsis nruj heev. Cov khoom siv anode feem ntau dhau los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua rau cov khoom siv anode tau yooj yim ploj thiab hloov ntau zaus dua li cov khoom siv cathode. Cov khoom siv anode nrog kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau xws li kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, kev ua haujlwm siab catalytic, kev ruaj ntseg zoo, thiab qee yam khoom siv zog. Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov ntaub ntawv anode nrog cov yam ntxwv saum toj no tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus kub ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.
Kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam electrolysis tau txhawb nqa kev nce qib thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv anode. EG Acheson tau ua tiav cov khoom siv graphite siv cov txheej txheem electrothermal crystallization hauv xyoo 1896, thiab paub txog kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam electrolytic ntsev.
Raws li cov khoom siv anode, graphite anode tau pom tias muaj cov teeb meem hauv qab no thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev: thaum lub electrolyte yog acidic, cov txheej txheem electrocatalytic degradation yog nrog cov pa oxygen evolution, thiab cov khoom siv carbon tau yooj yim oxidized, ua rau. hauv graphite Cov khoom siv anode nthuav dav, deforms, ntog tawm thiab slag; Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov khoom siv carbon muaj qhov tsis zoo rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis zoo, thiab tuaj yeem tawg thaum ua haujlwm thiab kev thauj mus los. Yog li ntawd, tib neeg tab tom nrhiav hlau anodes los hloov graphite anodes kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws nrog cov hlau anodes yog anode passivation. Passivation films yog ib qho yooj yim tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw, ua rau cov catalytic kev ua si ntawm hlau anodes txo los yog txawm poob kev ua si, xws li hlau anodes thiab tooj liab anodes. Platinum anodes muaj kev ua haujlwm siab electrocatalytic thiab kev ua haujlwm siab tam sim no, tab sis platinum hlau yog kim, uas txwv nws qhov kev thov. Nyob rau hauv 1948, ib tug loj breakthrough tau ua nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm titanium hlau thiab industrial ntau lawm tiav. Qhov no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev tsim ntawm Dr. W. Claure ntawm Tebchaws Meskas los ntawm txoj kev txo cov magnesium thermal thiab kev npaj ua tiav ntawm titanium daim txhuam cev. Nws muaj peev xwm siv titanium ua cov khoom siv hauv qab anode los npaj cov anodes tshiab. Xyoo 1959, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tswv yim tshiab: siv titanium hlau ua cov khoom siv hauv paus thiab hlau oxide ua cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm los tsim cov hlau anode tshiab. Xyoo 1968, Italian tuam txhab DeNora coj tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam H.Beer's ruthenium-titanium coated anodes, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm titanium anodes nkag mus rau tshooj tshiab.
1. Txoj kev npaj ntawm titanium anode
(1) Thermal decomposition method
Thermal decomposition txoj kev yog kom tusyees siv cov organic tov los yog aqueous tov ntawm hlau oxide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm pretreated substrate, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau qis-kub qhuav, high-kub oxidation thiab lwm yam txheej txheem kom tau cov oxide zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau. Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog cov cuab yeej yooj yim thiab cov txheej txheem, tswj tau txheej txheej tuab, thiab tsim ntau cov kab nrib pleb ntawm qhov anode nto, uas ua rau kom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheej thiab txhim kho cov kev ua haujlwm catalytic ntawm anode. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov kab nrib pleb sib sib zog nqus zoo li cov av nkos yog ib qho yooj yim tsim rau ntawm cov txheej txheej, thiab cov txheej txheej yog yooj yim poob tawm.
(2) Sol-gel txoj kev
Txoj kev sol-gel yog npaj cov sol nrog hlau oxide los yog hydroxide hais yaj nyob rau hauv ib tug daws ntawm hlau organic tebchaw los ntawm hydrolysis thiab polymerization ntawm cov tebchaw, thiab ces tsim ib tug gel nrog ib tug tej yam spatial qauv los ntawm ib tug series ntawm lub cev los yog tshuaj tiv thaiv. . , qhov yuav tsum tau hlau oxide nanofilm tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev ziab kom qhuav thiab kub-kub sintering. Qhov zoo dua yog tias nanoparticles yog precipitated los ntawm txheej, cov nplej yog me me, thiab txheej yog ntom. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias cov txheej txheem npaj yog qhov nyuaj thiab siv sijhawm ntev.
(3) Txoj kev electrodeposition
Txoj kev electrodeposition yog muab cov pretreated substrate raws li ib tug anode nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau ntsev electroplating tov, thiab siv stainless hlau raws li lub cathode. Tom qab electrodeposition rau ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug tas mus li tam sim no, ib tug hlau oxide zaj duab xis yog tau nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub substrate.
Txoj kev electrodeposition muaj kev npaj me me, muaj zog sib txuas ntawm cov substrate thiab txheej, thiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem npaj yog nyuaj, muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam, thiab siv ntau lub zog.
(4) Magnetron sputtering txoj kev
Txoj kev magnetron sputtering yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw argon, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug high-frequency thiab high-voltage hluav taws xob teb, lub high-zog roj ion txaus tsim bombards lub hom phiaj nto, thiab cov atoms ntawm lub hom phiaj nto yog sputtered tawm thiab tso. ntawm lub substrate nto.
Txoj kev npaj ntawm nyias zaj duab xis cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov zoo dua ntawm hom qauv no yog qhov ua kom nruj dua muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog dua, muaj zog sib haum xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab txheej, thiab lub neej ntawm anode tau zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej siv yog kim thiab nyuaj rau siv rau ntawm qhov loj.
Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no plaub txoj kev npaj tseem ceeb, kev npaj cov txheej txheem ntawm titanium-based hlau oxide anodes kuj muaj xws li CVD, PVD, tshuaj tsuag thermal decomposition, thiab lwm yam. Thermal decomposition method yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj titanium-based tin-antimony anodes. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim, cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yog qhov tseeb thiab tswj tau. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj.
2. Feem ntau siv titanium anode kev faib tawm
Kev xaiv ntawm txheej txheej hauv titanium anode txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical, uas yog, seb hom tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxygen evolution lossis chlorine evolution cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus degradation yog ncaj qha degradation lossis indirect degradation. Cov qauv thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov txheej txheej muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrochemical. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau qhov kev siv titanium anodes feem ntau suav nrog Ir02 / Ti series, Ru02 / Ti series, Pb02 / Ti series, Sn02 / Ti series, thiab lwm yam.
Ir02 / Ti anode yog oxygen evolution anode. Cov txheej txheem nquag ntawm chav tsev lr02 coated titanium anode yog yooj yim tev tawm thaum siv, thiab cov anode muaj lub neej luv luv. Nws yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib co lwm yam rau kev hloov kho kev tshawb fawb. Iridium yog ib qho khoom siv hlau muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tseem kim heev.
Ru02-Ti02/Ti anode yog chlorine evolution anode. Zoo li iridium, ruthenium kuj yog ib qho khoom siv hlau muaj nuj nqis thiab kim heev. Tam sim no, Ru02 / Ti series anodes feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam chlor-alkali.
Pb02/Ti anode muaj lub peev xwm ua kom cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej khib nyiab, xws li qee cov dej khib nyiab uas nyuaj rau biodegrade. Cov khoom degradation kawg ntawm cov organic yog C02 thiab H20]. Pb02 / Ti anode feem ntau yog siv rau hauv chromium plating hauv cov kua qaub muaj zog, electrolytic smelting ntawm zinc thiab tooj liab, kev kho dej khib nyiab, roj-dej sib cais, thiab lwm yam.
Sn02 / Ti anode yog hais txog cov khoom siv anode nrog tin oxide raws li cov khoom siv ntawm titanium matrix. Nws yog ib qho kev cog lus tsis yog hlau titanium-based hlau oxide anode. SnO2 muaj kev tiv thaiv siab ntawm chav tsev kub, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ua cov khoom siv anode. Doping Sb tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ntawm Sn02. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem txuas ntxiv yuav raug tsim ntawm Sb oxide thiab Sn02. Sb ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhawb nqa thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Sn02. Yog li, SnO2 hloov los ntawm Sb doping tuaj yeem siv los ua cov txheej txheem anode. Kev tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias Sb-doped Sn02. Sb / Ti anode nthuav tawm cov pa oxygen evolution muaj peev xwm thiab muaj zog · OH tiam muaj peev xwm, yog li nws nthuav tawm cov kev ua haujlwm zoo electrocatalytic oxidation rau cov organic teeb meem thiab tau siv dav hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab.
3.Related khoom nyob rau hauv ehisen
