Lub hauv paus rau phau ntawv
Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob yog ib qhoKev siv tshuab ElectrochiMiqueNrog rau keeb kwm kev ncua ntau tshaj ob centuries uas cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tso tawm ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob. Txij li nws incitast - los ntawm volta thawj lub volticyic hauv 1807-electrodoption tau hloov zuj zuj mus rau hauv aCov txheej txheem ntseQhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau cov ntawv thov thiab tshawb fawb. Cov qauv no ntau yam tam sim no ua haujlwm hauv liaj teb los ntawmKhoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov pauv hluav taws xobrau corrosion tiv thaiv thiab catalytic cov khoom siv hluav taws xob synthesis. Cov ntsiab lus hais kom rov hais dua ntawm hluav taws xob lus dag nyob rau hauv nws lub peev xwm los tswj cov ntaub ntawv tuab, thiab cov cuab yeej siv tsawg thiab cov khoom siv tsawg heev piv.
Kab lus no muab cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, npog nwsCov ntsiab cai yooj yim, qhov sib txawvTxhim Kho Cov Qauv, thiab tusCov cwj pwm txawv txavsiv los soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv electrodeposited. Txawm hais tias koj tshiab rau tom teb lossis nrhiav kom tob tob koj qhov kev nkag siab, cov lus qhia no yuav ua rau lub science tom qab no cov txheej txheem ua tiav zoo.
1 cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob
1.1 cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau los
Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob yog ib qhoElectrochemical cov txheej txheemQhov twg hlau ions hauv cov tshuaj yog txo rau kev coj ua ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab ntawm cov hluav taws xob sab nraud. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim los ntawm covkev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm ionsHauv kev daws teeb meem electrolyte rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nqi rov qab, qhov uas lawv tau dhau los oxidation lossis txo cov kev cuam tshuam.
Lub keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm electrodeposition tsis tuaj yeem dhau. Cov txheej txheem no tau ua instrumental hauv ob qho tib si kev tshawb nrhiav pom thiab muaj cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Nws txoj kev loj hlob tshajOb puas xyooTau hloov nws los ntawm chav kuaj sim kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tsis tseem ceeb siv thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab engineering.
1.2 Lub ntsiab cai ua haujlwm
Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais, electrodepositionel rauFaraday Txoj Cai ntawm Electrolysis, uas tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm cov electrolyte thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov electrodes. Thawj txoj cai lij choj hais tias qhov loj ntawm cov tshuaj tso ntawm electrode yog ncaj qha rau cov hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm Circuit Coeded los ntawm Circuit Court. Qhov thib ob txoj cai hais tias cov pawg ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv khaws cia tib lub hluav taws xob yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov tes taw hnyav li.
Cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob feem ntau tshwm sim hauv ib qhoElectrochemical Cellmuaj cov tshuaj electrolyte nrog yaj cov ntsev. Thaum muaj peev xwm sab nraud yog thov ntawm ob lub electrodes, hlau xas (tsis zoo electing)
Qhov twgMn+yog hlau ion nrog n cov nqi zoo, thiabMyog cov nruab nrab hlau atom incorporated rau hauv cov kev loj hlob tso nyiaj.
Ib txhij, ntawm anode (zoo electrode), ib qho oxidation ntawm cov matab hniav ions rau hauv kev daws teeb meem, lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm oxygen tshwm sim (nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm inert anodes).
Cov lus: Lub Cheebtsam tseem ceeb hauv Electrarkosition
| Ib feem | Rooj mov | Piv txwv |
|---|---|---|
| Naj hoom | Tau qhov twg los ntawm cov hlau ions lossis qhov chaw rau cov pa evolution | Tooj liab, npib tsib xee, platinum (inert) |
| Tus kws uanhahode | Nto qhov chaw tso tawm tshwm sim | Conductive substrates (cov hlau, semiconductors) |
| Electrolyte | Muaj cov hlau ions thiab ua rau ionic conduction | Cov kua roj aqueous ntawm cov kav hlau hlau |
| Kev pab fais fab | Muab hluav taws xob rau cov txheej txheem | DC lub zog siab, potentiostat / galvanostat |
1.3 electrode compiguration: ob {{- electrode thiab peb {{{}} electrode Systems
Kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob yog feem ntau tau teeb tsa siv ib qhoOb {-} electrodelossisPeb {-} electrodeteeb tsa.
TusOb - electrode SystemMuaj qhov zoo electrode (anode) thiab tsis zoo electrode (cathode), ob qho tib si raus hauv electrolyte. Lub zog siv hluav taws xob lossis kev ua haujlwm electrochemical muab voltage ntawm ob lub electrodes. Hauv qhov kev teeb tsa no, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob sawv cev rauTag nrho cov xovtooj ntawm teshla tag nrho cov tshuab hluav taws xob tag nrho.
TusPeb {- electrode Systemyog ntau dua thiab muaj:
1. Ua haujlwm electrode (peb): Qhov no yog lub electrode qhov twg compresshochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev txaus siab (tso tawm) tshwm sim. Nws pabcuam ua cov txheej txheem rau cov khoom tso nyiaj.
2.Cource electrode (CE): Kuj hu ua cov pab pawg, qhov no ua tiav cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab tso cai rau tam sim no ntws los ntawm cell. Nws yog feem ntau ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv inert zoo li platinum lossis graphite.
3.ReFerence electrode (re): Cov qauv hluav taws xob no ua rau muaj lub peev xwm ruaj khov, uas paub tias cov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tau yooj yim thiab tswj tau. Cov hluav taws xob uas siv hluav taws xob uas muaj hluav taws xob suav nrog lub calomel electrode (li qub), ag / agc electrode, thiab hg / hgon electrode.
Hauv peb {- electrode system, qhov kev siv electrode nyob ze rau cov kev ua haujlwm tau los ntawm kev daws teeb meem tsis kam ua vim yog kev daws teeb meem - thiab kev sib tw hluav taws xob. Qhov kev npaj no tso cai rauKho kom meej tswjNtawm ua haujlwm electrode peev xwm, ua rau nws nyiam rau kev tshawb fawb cov ntawv thov uas tseem ceeb heev.
Peb lub {{- electrode configuration yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws ua rau pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm HUMIC poob lossis hloov ntawm cov txee electrode. Qhov precisent no tseem ceeb rau kev kawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tso nyiaj thiab ua kom tsim cov khoom tso nyiaj nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
2 Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Electrodoposition
Ntau hom hluav taws xob tau tsim los ua kom tau raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv thiab cov kev xav tau. Txhua tus txheej txheem muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm kev tswj hwm cov khoom, ua haujlwm, thiab siv rau cov tshuab cov tshuab sib txawv.
2.1 Pa Tshuaj Electrodoposition
Cov tshuaj electrentalencompasses yooj yim voltage los yog tas mus li cov qauv tam sim no uas ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm electroplating thev naus laus zis. Cov kauj ruam no feem ntau yog thov kev thovNruam ncaj qha tam sim no(DC) ntawm anode thiab cathode, ua rau ib qho kev thim nyiaj rov qab thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem.
Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob ua rau nws tau dav siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj kev lag luam zoo li cov ntawv qhia txog kev ua kom zoo nkauj, corrosion {} {resistant txheej, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muajtxwv tswjHla mus rau microstructure thiab tej zaum yuav tsim cov nyiaj tau los ntawm morphology thiab cov qauv coarse nplej piv rau cov txheej txheem siab ntau dua.
2.2 galvanostatic (tam sim no tas mus li) electrodeposition
Galvanostatic Electrodarkositiontswj hwm aConstant tam sim nonruab nrab ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab txee electrodes thaum lub sijhawm tso nyiaj. Cov lus teb kaw yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob (hauv ob {{} electrode system) lossis ua haujlwm electrode (hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm electrode (hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm electrode (hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm electrode (hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm electrode system) raws li lub sijhawm.
Tsis zoo li tsis tu ncua cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm, uas tuaj yeem pib tam sim ntawd raws li lub peev xwm thov nyiaj, Galvanostatic Deposition yuav tsum tau ib lub sijhawm luv luv los pib. Qhov no yog vim qee qhov ntawm kev thov tam sim no yuav tsum xub them tus nqiOb Chav Txheej Captance(CDL) ntawm cov electrode - electrolyte interface. Thaum lub peev xwm ncav cuag ib qho chaw pib (feem ntau yog equilibrium muaj peev xwm ntxiv rau overpotential), cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob pib.
Qhov tam sim no (i) thov muaj ob feem Raws li depordero pib, IDL sai sai mus kom ze xoom. Lub peev xwm - lub sij hawm nkhaus (v {} t nkhaus) tau cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob hauv kev tso nyiaj.
Lub thawj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Galvanostatic deposition yog nws muaj peev xwm tswj hwm aCov nqi them nyiaj rho tawm, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau kev siv cov txheej txheem uas tuab tswj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev xwm yuav sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm tso tawm, muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom tso nyiaj yog tias tsis ua tib zoo tswj tau.
2.3 Potentiostatic (muaj peev xwm) electrodeposition
Potentiostatic Electrodopositionkoom nrog thov atas li muaj peev xwmNruab nrab ntawm qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes (hauv ob - electrode system) lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov haujlwm thiab hauv ib qho {{} electrode system). Lub peev xwm tso nyiaj yuav tau tswj tas li los ntawm kev ua haujlwm electrochemical, thiab tam sim no tau sau tseg raws li lub sijhawm.
Nyob ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv lub peev xwm siv thiab lub peev xwm thermodynamic muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem faib ua ob lub sijhawm:
1. dderderpotential deposition (hloov tshiab): Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm cov peev xwm hauv qab no thermodynamic efferibrium muaj peev xwm. Kev hloov kho tshiab tau kos npe, nucleation, thiab cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob txiav txim los ntawm cov qauv siv tshuaj txhuam, morphology, morphology, thiab ion {1} {substrures kev sib cuam tshuam. Cov hom cations thiab ions in the electrolyte cuam tshuam cuam tshuam cov khoom siv cov qauv khoom, cov khoom, thiab cov khoom siv phom sij.
2.Overpotential deposition (OPD): Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm cov peev xwm saum toj no thermodynamic efferibrium muaj peev xwm. OPD tus qauv thiab cov khoom siv ntau heev nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog kev ua tiav (qhov sib txawv ntawm kev thov, kev loj hlob tshuab, thiab tso nyiaj {1} {substrures kev sib cuam tshuam. Tsis muaj tseeb, diffusion - tswj nucleation feem ntau yog tus nqi txiav txim rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem yog tus nqi txiav txim siab kauj ruam.
Lub ntsiab kom zoo ntawm Potentiostic inupition yog tusKho kom meej tswjTshaj lub zog tsav tsheb rau kev tso tawm, uas tso cai rau kev ntxias zoo ntawm nucleation thiab kev loj hlob. Qhov no feem ntau ua rau kev tso nyiaj nrog ntau dua morphology thiab cov qauv grain grain.
2.4 co {- urtropvosition
Co - electrodopositionyog cov txheej txheem siv los npajNtawv Sau KhoomlossislamOsLos ntawm ib txhij tso ob lossis ntau cov ntsiab lus los ntawm tib cov kev daws teeb meem electrolyte. Txoj kev no tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev txhim kho cov khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog ib qho {}}}} cov khoom tso nyiaj.
Co - electrodoposition ua rau cov khoom lag luam nanomaterials nrog cov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, uas xav tau cov kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj hwm electrolyte sib xyaw, PH, qhov ntsuas kub kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov qauv.
Cov txheej txheem no tau siv dav los tsim alloy tso nyiaj (xws li tooj dag, lossis nab kuab no muaj cov khoom tawg ntawm ceramics, polymers, lossis lwm yam hlau.
2.5 Hydrothermal Electropsition
Hydothermal Electrodegositionsib txuas tshuab hluav taws xob electrochemical nrognce siab kub thiab siabcov xwm txheej hauv autoclave reactor. Txoj kev no yog tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrogsiab crystallinitythiab zoo {- defاh ua qauv.
Lub hydothermal ib puag ncig txhim kho thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kintings, feem ntau ua rau muaj kev tso tseg nrog kev txhim kho adhesion, thiab crystallinity piv rau chav tsev kub siv hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tso cov hlau oxides thiab lwm qhov sib txuas uas tau txais los ntawm hydrothermal synthesis.
Hydrothermally Electrodeposited cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau nthuav tawm cov kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob rau lawv cov qauv txhim kho, ua rau lawv tsim nyog siv rau kev hloov pauv kev siv hluav taws xob.
2.6 microwave -} pab hluav taws xob
Microwave -} pab hluav taws xobsivMicrowave hluav taws xobtxhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem tso nyiaj. Cov txheej txheem siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem mesoporous nrog cov qauv sib txawv uas ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo hluav taws xob.
Lub microwave teb sib cuam tshuam nrog cov electrolyte thiab loj hlob tso nyiaj los ntawm ntau cov tshuab:
Dielectric cua sovntawm kev daws teeb meem, ua rau kom nrawm kub nce siab
Tsis -} thermal cuam tshuamNtawm ion tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab them nqi hloov chaw
Kev Hloov Kho ntawm Nucleation thiab Kev Loj Hlobkinetics
Cov teebmeem no tuaj yeem ua rau cov qauv tso tawm kom ceev ceev, thiab cov qauv morphological tsis yooj yim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob ua kom yooj yim. Microwave -} Kev pab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom siv pleev xim rau catalytic thiab cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob.
Cov lus: sib piv ntawm cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob
| Kev txawj | Tswj parameter | Qhov zoo zoo | Cov Kev Siv Raug Raug |
|---|---|---|---|
| Galvanostatic | Constant tam sim no | Tswjhwm Deposition tus nqi, yooj yim | Muaj Plating, Thickness Tswj |
| Lub hwj huam | Tas li muaj peev xwm | Kho kom haum tswj, tsis zoo morphology | Kev Tshawb Fawb, Nanostructured Khoom Siv |
| Co - deposition | Ntau lub ntsiab | Composite, alloy tsim | Ua haujlwm txheej, catalysts |
| HYFOTTERMAL | Qhov Kub / Siab | Siab crystallinity, txhim kho adhesion | Hlau oxides, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob |
| Microwave - pab | Microwave hluav taws xob | Mesoporous lug, tshwj xeeb Morphologies | Catalytic Txheej, Khoom Siv Hauv Zog |
3 Cov Txheej Txheem Tshaj Tawm Rau Cov Ntaub Ntawv Electreposited
Cov cim kom raug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab lawv cov peev txheej thiab ua kom tau cov khoom kom ua tau zoo. Ob peb cov txuj ci siab tshaj tawm feem ntau ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj no.
3.1 x - ray diffraction (XRD)
X - ray diffraction (XRD)yog lub zog tsis yog - cov txheej txheem rhuav tshem tau siv los txheeb xyuas tusCrystal Qauvntawm cov ntaub ntawv electreposited. XRD ua haujlwm los ntawm irradiat ib tug qauv nrog x- rays thiab ntsuas cov ces kaum thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov teeb ci txawv uas tawm.
Thaum x -} rays rays cuam tshuam nrog ib cov ntaub ntawv crystalline, lawv yauv ua txawv raws liBragg txoj cai:
Qhov twg λ Yog tus X {- Ray Wavelength, θ yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub, thiab n yog tus lej.
XRD muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog:
Crystal Qauvthiab theem muaj pes tsawg leeg
Nyiam kev qhia(Kev ntxhib los mos) ntawm crystallites
Crystallite Lojlos ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm ncov vibeling
Lattice tsis sib haumthiab lim
Piv txwv li, hauv kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cu₂o ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, kev soj ntsuam XRD tso rau ntawm 60℃pib tsim A (111) cov kev nyiam ua haujlwm. Xws li da dej kub nce, cov qoob loo loj ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab huab loj loj los ntawm 0.2μm, qhia txog XRD li cas los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv los ntawm kev tso tawm cov kev sib txawv.
XRD yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev txheeb xyuas cov nyiaj sib txawv lossis kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kev kho mob xws li anealing.
3.2 Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (SEM)
Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob (SEM)yog siv los tshuaj xyuas covDeg morphologythiabkev tsimntawm electrodeposited cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev nthuav tawm siab. SEM ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob nqaj hla cov qauv saum toj no thiab ntes ntau cov cim tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob- kev sib cuam tshuam.
Lub cim tseem ceeb uas siv rau kev kuaj hauv sem suav nrog:
Cov tshuab hluav taws xob theem nrab (Se): Tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas lus tsis sib thooj ntawm cov hluav taws xob nqaj thiab coj cov atoms, muab cov kev sib piv ntawm cov lus sib piv.
BacksCartered electrons (BSE): Tshwm sim los ntawm elastic scattering ntawm qhov xwm txheej cuam tshuam, yielding compstitionality raws li atomic naj npawb sib txawv.
SEM muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog:
Deg morphologyThiab Loo Nyiaj Kos
Qoob ntais lojthiab faib
Porositythiab kho cov qauv
Hla - seem ntawm tib lub morphologythiab tso nyiaj tuab
Piv txwv li, SEM cov cim ntawm Electrodeposited Cu₂o zaj duab xis tau qhia antxeem network - zoo li qauv npooCov. Hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, Sem tau siv los ua kom pom tooj liab nanowire arplay in anodic alcide (AUE
Cov ntawv tshaj lij yuav suav nrogZog -}} dispersive x - tshav pay spectroscopy (EDS)Lub peev xwm rau kev txheeb xyuas theem qhib, tso cai cov kws tshawb nrhiav los txiav txim siab cov tshuaj muaj kuab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob ntawm lub microscale8.
3.3 x - ray photorectron spectroscopy (xps)
X - ray photorectron spectroscopy (xps), tseem hu ua Electron Spectroscopy rau kev tsom xam tshuaj (esca), yog ib qho txheej txheem - rhiab cov ntaub ntawv uas muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog covTshuaj Muaj TshuajthiabLub xeev hauv hluav taws xobntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntaub ntawv electreposited.
XPS ua haujlwm raws liPhotoelectric nyhuv: Thaum cov khoom siv tau irradiated nrog x - rays, electrons tau ntiab tawm ntawm lub plhaub hauv atoms. Lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov yees duab yog ntsuas thiab cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov kev khi hluav taws xob los ntawm kab zauv:
Qhov twg yog lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, Hν yog lub zog ntawm cov x}}} pa ray photon, thiab φ yog txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub spectrometer.
XPS muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog:
Qhovlus muaj pes tsawgntawm saum npoo (feem ntau saum 1-10 nm)
Tshuaj lom neeg lub xeevntawm cov ntsiab (oxidation xeev, tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig)
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sivHla saum npoo
Qhov tuabntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud thiab txheej
Hauv kev tsom xam ntawm Electrodeposited Cu₂o Zaj Duab Xis, XPS paub meej tussiab huvNtawm cov khoom siv tso, ua qauv qhia cov txheej txheem cov nqi hluav taws xob rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov tso nyiaj tso cai thiab kev coj dawb huv.
XPS tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias thiab cov kev hloov kho saum npoo uas muaj cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm cov khoom siv tau cuam tshuam cov khoom siv. Nws tuaj yeem tshawb pom kev paug, oxidation hais, thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob.
Cov Lus: Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Rau Cov Ntaub Ntawv Electreposited
| Kev txawj | Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais | Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Qhov tob | Cov kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Xrd | Crystal qauv, theem muaj pes tsawg leeg, grain loj, kev ntxhib los mos | Loj (μm rau mm) | Yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv crystalline |
| SEM | Kev Morphology Deg, Microstructure, Thickness | Nto rau bulk (nm rau mm) | Yuav xav tau lative txheej |
| Xps | Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub xeev, lub xeev tshuaj, oxidation xeev | Nto (1-10 nm) | Ultra -} Lub tshuab nqus tsev siab |
4 yam cuam tshuam rau kev siv hluav taws xob
Ob peb txoj kev txwv tsis pub cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom ntawm lub txiaj ntsig. Nkag siab thiab txhawb nqa cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov yam ntxwv xav tau.
Ceev ceev(Tam sim no rau ib qho chaw nyob) ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov nqi tso nyiaj thiab tso nyiaj. Cov nqi qis dua tam sim no feem ntau nce cov nqi rho nyiaj ntxiv lawm tab sis yuav ua rau muaj cov ntxig, tso nyiaj tsis zoo nrog cov khoom tsis zoo yog tias ntau dhau siab. Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv muaj qhov ua tau tam sim no ceev cov khoom uas tsim kom du, cov nyiaj duens.
TusKev siv hluav taws xob Electrolyte, suav nrog cov hlau ion concentration, pH, thiab muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv, cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam tsis pub muaj. Cov tshuaj ntxiv xws li ci ntsa iab, theem, thiab kev nyuaj siab- reducers feem ntau siv los hloov cov nyiaj tso nyiaj. Cov concentration ntawm hlau ions cuam tshuam nucleation ntom thiab hom kev loj hlob.
4.3 kub
Qho socuam tshuam rau ion kev mus ncig, tus nqi sib txawv, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kinetics. Cov ntsuas kub siab dua feem ntau nce cov nqi depepition ntxiv thiab yuav txhim kho cov khoom seem tso nyiaj thiab ntom ntom ntom. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kub dhau heev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhib thiab txo qis pov cov chaw tsis tu ncua ntawm cov chaw tsis tu ncua).
TusPh ntawm electrolytecuam tshuam cov kev qhia txog cov hlau thiab lawv cov peev txheej txo qis. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov lus hauv kev daws teeb meem, uas hydrogen evolutionionase (uas kev sib tw nrog cov khoom tso tawm hlau), thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv tso tawm. Tswj kom haum rau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam.
5 daim ntaub ntawv thov ntawm electrodeposition
Kev siv hluav taws xob nrhiav cov ntawv thov hla ntau daim teb vim nws cov versatility thiab tus nqi- ua tau zoo:
Ib qho qub thiab feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv thov ntawm hluav taws xob yog hauv kev tsimHniav thiab Tiv Thaiv Txheej TxheemCov. Chromium, npib tsib xee, zinc, thiab cov khoom siv hlau hlau muaj qhov sib ntxiv hauv kev tiv thaiv corrosion, hnav tsis kam, thiab kev saib xyuas zoo nkauj.
Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob yog siv rau kev tsimkev coj ua, sib pauv, thiablos ntawm - tsov ntxhuavhauv cov khoom siv semiconductor. Toojper Electrodegosition yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim khoom sib xyaw ua ke vim nws txoj kev ua hluav taws xob zoo.
Electrodeposited cov ntaub ntawv ua si qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauvZog TshuabXws li cov roj teeb, roj hlwb, thiab lub hnub ci. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los tsim cov electrodes nrog cov ntaub ntawv thaj chaw siab, cov ntaub ntawv catalytic rau roj hlwb, thiab nyias cov yeeb yaj kiab rau cov photovoltaic li.
Electrodopition tuaj yeem tsimmas ntxeem tau nanostructuresNrog thaj chaw loj thaj chaw, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov ntawv thov catalytic. Cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov hlau txuas rau ntawm cov hlau oxides tuaj yeem muab tso ua ke ntau rau ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, suav nrog hydrogen evolution, suav nrog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm hydrolution, thiab cov pa oxygen txo.
Tag
Kev siv hluav taws xob yog qhov txheej txheem ntau yam thiab cov txheej txheem muaj zog rau cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv tswj hwm thiab cov khoom. Los ntawm nws cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb raws cov txheej txheem electrochemicals rau hydrowave {{1} {1} {1} {1} Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm tham txog - xrd, sem, thiab xps- {1}- {1}- {1}- {1} {1} {1} {1} {1} {1}- Qhov kev paub no ua rau cov qauv tsim qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thoob plaws cov hluav taws xob suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob suav nrog cov hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob, thiab catoralying.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv ua ntej, kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob yuav pab tau txawm tias muaj ntau dua kev tswj hwm txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv thiab khoom siv. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev nkag siab theoretical, kev sim ua kev txawj ntse ua rau cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ib qho kev tshawb fawb thiab cov khoom siv tshiab.